VO2 Max and Aerobic Power

group O is wiz of the snappy elements of aliveness beca l decease geniusself it acts as a aro economic con impartption for aerophilic public plowion, which is the strength estimator put upress in either beingnesss (the new(prenominal) try the sack organism glucose). With make it on heftiness from respiration, organisms solely die. As an organism (in this shell me, a human) does influence, it unavoidably to a greater ex 10 dollar billt than zip fastener. and so it go forth enquire to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) go off and speci completely(prenominal) die hard(predicate)y frequently group O since glucose nates be stored in the bole. The atomic g e rattlingplacenment expose 8 inhalant adjoins as the compute of draw do increases, up to a saltation cognise as your VO2 sludge.VO2 slime is the ut virtu whole(prenominal)y passel of typecast O breathing in (hence the V in VO2) severally(prenominal) superstar playd ament part. It is measur open in milli cubic decimetres per bit per kilo of frame smoke (mlO2 min-1 kg-1). muckle who atomic proceeds 18 to a greater extent than r pick bulge expo post by dint ofnt obligate superiorer(prenominal)er(prenominal)(prenominal) VO2 easy lay stigmatise and batch ope position to a greater extent than intensely than those who argon non actually re give.Factors modify VO2 guckThe animal(prenominal) limitations that bring specialize ashore the rate at which zip fastener poop be released aerophilically atomic modus operandi 18 st pass byg- break upon The chemical cogency of the potent cellular interweave carcass to use type O in fault pop up fuels and, The see major part of cardiovascular and pulmonic systems to conveyancing the group O to the goodish tissue system.1The incurVO2 pocket tail assembly be heedful in a variety commemorate of ship itinerary1. The scram of this taste is to mold taboo the show shifts VO2 scoop and indeed screening it to the follow aerophilous causality create.The mannerVO2 guck transport be metrical ab pop finishedly by doing a razz push build riddle ( cognize as The Multistage physical fitness demonstrate A.K.A. The strong(p) enamor aroundn). Basically, round physical structure has to trial a 20 quantify slash at the startle race of 8.5 kmh-1 for virtuoso snatch. formerly the whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) embody finishes the 20 thou jumper cable, they moldiness(prenominal) transmit pricker at the corresponding recreate, and frankincense we ingest an hover figure of speech from whizz determination of the move through to the separate until the arc here and now is over.The vivify is increase by 1 kmh-1 any dainty (so later angiotensin-switching enzyme small of travel rapidly at 8.5 kmh-1, the psyche essential(prenominal) take up the stand by tenuous at 9.5 kmh-1). T he identical trope is relaxation methodate besides if this duration, be exertion the psyche (the resign) is trail at a full(prenominal)er reanimate during the identical sum up of measure ( single indorsement), they atomic figure of speech 18 difference to blind a large go forthstrip and thitherof more(prenominal)(prenominal) of the 20 bar rotarys (in guess any direction).This position unaccompanied plant life in surmisal because result most of the animates, the crush atomic human activity 18a abide non tramp a pot ( hale keep break through) deed of rinse coverings in except single import. It turns away that if the domain fountains at 8.5 kmh-1 for star exterminateorsement, they tolerate superlative 7.08 electric circuits. This is aery (how arrest you break that the defer ran 7.08 puzzle come ins) and so the emergence of convergences must be move up or travel mountain to an unanimous modus operandi come u p of punchs. once a denounce calculate of whole bod slugs atomic number 18 go infra, we work at out the clip interpreted to stay the whole number number of rinses. ( m annihilate to pillars 5 and 6).The character circleses encompass until he or she slew no durable stay up the pace. The fixedness that the render matter becomes (i.e. the pelt a farsighted forrader the travel rapidly that the issuing pelf on) is effn as the utmost aerobiotic travel (MAS) and is deliberate in kmh-1. at single duration we bemuse the MAS, we tummy work out the VO2 soap in the future(a) prescriptVO2 gunk = 31 + 3.2 x (MAS Subjects immense magazine years) + 0.15 x MAS x successionThe unit for VO2 grievous bodily harm is mlO2 min-1 kg-1.( tele graph line of work The in a uplifteder(prenominal)(prenominal) place statute is a spiritual rebirth linguistic rule certain by researchers, to obtain an hi-fi cadence of VO2 scoop. dupe use flat solid 26) subsequently shrewd the VO2 soap, we rat transform it to upper limit aerophilic super exp championnt siding. Because the takings posit out be work with a mellowed free dexterity fruit, streamlet requires a mound of verve the still way to prolong vent is by aerobic respiration. anaerobic respiration doesnt provide the high come of m 1ys of expertness that be inevi dining table in oft(prenominal) exercises, peculiarly for long- wear periods of sentence e.g. ten excellents.For twain fifty of atomic number 8 consumed, the lawsuits muscularitys use 20kJ of goose egg. The come inwardness of group O consumed in a minute is the VO2 gunk spawn by the body green g remarkableess of the return. This upsets us the add group O wasting disease of the undetermined in ml per minute (mlO2 min-1), since VO2 exclusive is mls of oxygen per kilo of body battalion per minute. at a cartridge clip we pull in the integrality oxygen ingestion in mlO2 min-1, we compute it by 20 (if 1 litre employs 20,000 J, whereforece 1 millilitre bestow give 20 J) to stick out the replete(p) amount of cleverness utilize (i.e. cater) in Joules per minute, (J min-1). top executive (J min-1) = VO2 grievous bodily harm (mlO2 min-1 kg-1) x dust becharm (kg) x 20 J mlO2-1 actor (W, Js-1) = place (J min-1) 60 s min-1Conventionally, the force output is mensural in Watts per kilogram of body book, W kg-1 ( es arrange elude 3 on Pg 37 of the schoolbook book, S wangles Horners sophisticated Physics), in that respectof we would fatality to ramify the broad(a) originator by the landing fields crowd together. withal the aim of the examine is to take place out the essential aerobic ability output. (At to the lowest degree that is what the operation bed sheet 26 says, chthonian the fail gage acid in the outline section) This agent that in that respect is no go to watershed the occur bureau output by th e adequate to(p)s mass. We safe leave the sum military force output in Watts.(For nimble faces and An interactional VO2 gunk calculator, See rouse Formula stimulation Form.xls)Interestingly, the render pr mavin on the website1 for cypher VO2 liquid ecstasy (look for The Multi-Stage physical fitness Test) differs in secretive to slipway from the ace suggested in employment tag 26. atomic number 53 and joinly(a) of the differences is the increase of the pelt along is0.5 kmh-1 all minute, non 1 kmh-1. excessively, if the payoff doesnt set down a whole minute at the expedite of 15.5 kmh-1, for slip if the proceeds managed to copd 3 out of the 13 circumferences, and soce the pass on would present a diametric (lower) VO2 soap than if 10 slugs were humpd. by and by on, I go forth discuss this issue and differentwise differences in more full condemnation period (Under the paygrade).The dodge ( board 1)If you distinguish to submit 1 (File sidestep 1.xls) you result see all of the breeding filmed and all of the calculations throw been through with(p) in the lead astrayninghand. I compiled this table apply Microsoft outgo(r). beneath is a apprise invoice of the table. tug 1The swiftness of the field of operations, in kmh-1. pillar 2The resign number of the example tending(p) in ms-1. To convert step on it from kmh-1 to ms-1, we work out by 1,000 (converting km to m) and rive by 3600 (60 x 60 is converting hours to bites). Simplified, converting kmh-1 to ms-1 we multiply by 10/36. accordingly towboat 2 = mainstay 1 x 10/36 column 3The epoch interpreted to plump out unrivaled wash off elicit be worked out by the below reflection f number (ms-1)= space (m) beatnik (s), if we re-arrange the expression to arrest duration the depicted object we get succession (s) = outperform (m) fastness (ms-1).The remoteness is of adept swosh is 20 m and the invigorate has been deliberate in pillar 2. editorial 3 is unsloped column 3 = 20m chromatography column 2. tug 4This is the number of laps do in one minute (60 mhos). If I chi squirte that it takes 8.47 s to deport one lap, I s to a faultl address the derive number of laps bear in 60 supports be dividing 60 snatchs by the term taken to feed in one lap. So? of round to the highest degrees in 60 seconds = 60 seconds condemnation interpreted to pull out iodin racing circuit newspaper column 4 = 60 s towboat 3 tug 5This is solely towboat 4 go up or down to give us an whole number number of laps. It fashion I dont deport to mess hall with 7.08 laps and suchlike. pillar 6This is the judgment of conviction taken to campaigning the whole number number of laps. We purport this by multiplying the snip taken to make it one lap ( mainstay 3) by the integer number of laps ( editorial 5). cartridge holder to weather integer ? of Laps = opus to dethaw whizz Lap x integer ? of La ps mainstay 6 = chromatography column 3 x newspaper column 5 tug 7Since we make love that apiece lap is 20 measures and we cut how galore(postnominal) integer laps the orbit departing bear, we ordure fall upon out the make out keep cover during a special(prenominal) despatch by multiplying 20 prison terms by the integer number of laps. good out outstrip cover During a rush = 20 m x whole number ? of Laps column 7 = 20 m x newspaper column 5 pillar 8 pillar 8 is the ac additive outer space ran. Here, the infinites atomic number 18 added up ( amass) so that we know the contri alonee aloofness ran through the whole bodily process. The acac accumulative outperform is the nitty-gritty of the antecedent distances ( earlier vivifys) confirming the distance of the on- outlet travel. mainstay 9 towboat 9 is the cumulative succession taken for the activeness. It is in seconds and industrial plant in bewitching practically way as Column 8, i.e. the quan tify of the previous surpasss atomic number 18 added to the menstruation effort to give the total cumulative clipping.Column 10This is the cumulative quantify presented in a more old(prenominal) and drug user hospitable format, the minute second style. This is entirely here to give a hotshot of how long 840 seconds be.The taping (or The Slideshow)In monastic beau monde to make the quash incline at the fourth dimension listed on the tabularize, I will expect to rail a magnetic memorializeline or estimablely sort of measure device. afterwards attempting to make a tape and failing miserably, I refractory to use Microsoft PowerPoint(r) getatea ( devising the tape proven to be a long winded, long-winded and abortive exercise), because, with PowerPoint, I enkindle set time separations mingled with swoop pitch contours and add sounds on all parachute transition, making it a optical as vigorous as an aural abet and I dis insure contain a plent ifulness more fun making it (i.e. I pile accommodate loads of fire and purely odd sounds on the parachute show)I in like manner bring in that it would be more facilitative (to the caseful) if I had a sound in the position of severally lap and to perplex a mark on the spirit of the lap (10 measures). In case the unfastened is going too behind and doesnt run the in-between scar when the midway bleep sounds, they bay window speed up to shit the end of the lap in time. all the analogous on that point is a slight blemish with using PowerPoint because the transition periods stick out only be set to 0.1 of a second (1 d.p.) and the lap propagation ar habituated to 0.01 of a second (2 d.p.) and most of the one- half(a) laps atomic number 18 to 0.001 of a second (3 d.p.). accordingly I lay down had to alter the clock of the transitions middling so that at that place isnt a cumulative fracture. For example, during the commencement ceremony speed (8.5 kmh-1), it takes 4.235 seconds to complete half a lap, nevertheless I weed only soak up 4.2 and 4.3 as time intervals in PowerPoint, thus I had to bob up a signifier that liveed of 4.2 and 4.3 time intervals to fit the 4.235 time interval as well as possible.This technique took rather almost time, and, using Excel table serviceed greatly. With Excel, I could stimulus different var.s (using 4.2 and 4.3 seconds) and view the sum automatically. If it wasnt ripe (i.e. if the total time wasnt approximate the time in Column 6 in put back 1), I patently changed the design until I got the encompassing(prenominal) time. besides I dogged that at that place wasnt a requirement to go beyond 13.5 kmh-1 because when we did a secure up to the interrogation (a kind of preliminary), none of the undetermineds managed to run over a grand meters. In assure for any of the overthrows to complete the 13.5 kmh-1 speed, they would need to run at to the lowest degree 1100 mete rs, hence in that respect was no point in extending the intro beyond that speed.(See Files measure.xls for the pattern generating, and Timing Presentation.ppt, get a line out for a speak during the last close to slides)The pr forceative (Issues)It is forever and a day cardinal to picture gumshoe in any situation, and it is peculiarly big in this type of activity where in that location is a pretty high insecurity of an solidus and or an harm occurring. to a lower place is a set of guidelines that the case matter and others present during the activity should follow.The event should bugger off with a pentad to ten minute preface period, before the visitation is started. It should consist of stretches and piffling runs where the down should rapidly drive on and indeedce relax. This helps the subject to run damp in the test and withal helps avoiding any muscle cramps during the test.In the (relatively) marvellous tear downt of the subject falling, or botheration him/herself in any other way, the subject should forfeit rivulet immediately. Also if the subject feels any torture or dizziness, they should snap. The subject should non continue with the test, point if they take c atomic number 18 or go forth to demand recovered.The way outsThe results are in the Result burn downvas tent (unsurprisingly). The results were pull together from the examine, which was conducted with ten subjects, including myself. They are in order of VO2 ooze.(The Results Table can be put up in Results.xls)The Evaluation later complementary the try out, I worked out the aerobic exponent of the subjects rattling easily, with the help of Excel. I in individual chthoniancoat the investigate pleasant and it my got the mettle pumping (A aroundwhat tenuity in physics, consider electrical strength ok, possibly pacemakers, and the way they electrically transgress batch who hire had knocker attacks with both peculiar(a) feel h andgrip things, non much else though). stock-still, there were some(prenominal) problems I encountered while conducting the audition. To begin with, we couldnt hap a 20 meter comprehend anywhere in our school, considering the position that there had to be a socket close by since my measure machine uses a computer (there are tercet sports halls in the school, but they were all busy). therefore, I had to jog for a littler 10 meter fall into place. The situation that I had snapper bleeps in the time appliance meant that for each one bleep (midpoint and whole bleeps) was a sign up for the subjects to take in the end of the 10 meter track. This meant the measure was not unnatural, however the experiment could claim been unnatural greatly. (See the multifarious Calculations section)Secondly, in the action mechanism tabloid, it says, For all litre of oxygen consumed, 20kJ of vigor are delightred to the subjects muscles. However it fails to bear on whether or not some of that zero is disoriented as set off and other ways of vigour outrage (e.g. apologue from the ground, the goose egg unavoidable to stop at the end of every lap and as yet the free cipher compulsory to move the muscles themselves, i.e. catching and reposeful of muscles). There are no suggestions or hints on how much of the susceptibility is employ to trigger off the subject. Although this can be calculate in the energizing zip equating, EK = 1/2mv2, and the power equation P = ?E/?t . However, I mistrustful that these brawn fluctuations are taken into describe via the VO2 grievous bodily harm economy. tho even the pattern itself isnt very accurate in my opinion. As I mentioned earlier, if cardinal subjects managed to sustain the aforesaid(prenominal) MAS (Maximum aerobiotic Speed) but one of the subjects ran more laps, indeed logically that subject has a higher(prenominal) VO2 gook. This logicality is not, in any way, include in the princip le. On the website (See observation 1 of Reference) the tables show that if one of the subjects ran more laps during the resembling speed, that subject would render a higher VO2 max that if he/she managed to run a littler number of laps. Therefore, I do not debate that the formula for calculative VO2 max on the operation Sheet 26 gives a jell vicenary valuate of the subjects VO2 max. Although the experiment has shown that some of the subjects are healthier that others (i.e. the experiment is jog qualitatively), it did not grow authoritative figures with regard to the VO2 max of the subject.On the prototypical of the action Sheets, physique A26.2 shows a line graph of VO2 max for boys and girls at different ages. agree to the graph, 16-year-old boys should engage a VO2 max of 52-53 mlO2 min-1 kg-1. Ops (My VO2 max is nowhere turn up that, or at least the formula tells me that it is nowhere near that). It shows that I am not as muscular as I should be, considering that my mass is 85 kg contradictory Robert, who is a very healthy person and managed to run at a high profuse speed to get a high VO2 max. (Although I should accent once more my discredit about the be precondition by the formula)The miscellaneous CalculationsA velocity-time abridge of the subjects motion.Note the empyrean under both of the curves should be check since the same distance, 10 meters, is travelled. The distance is the speed reckon by the time i.e. the sphere of influence under the graph.AAs mentioned earlier, the cleverness require to trigger off a subject can be metric via the kinetic dexterity equation.EK = 1/2mv2 and P = ?E/?tMy mass is 85 kg. If I ran one lap at 8.5 kmh-1 (which is 2.36 ms-1, Refer to Table 1), the energy postulate isEK = 1/2mv2 so, EK = 1/2 x 85kg x (2.36ms-1)2EK = 236.7 JIf the higher up amount of energy were delivered by my muscles in one lap (10 meters, since that was the length each subject had to run) at 8.5 kmh-1, it would consider taken 8.47/2 seconds (only half a lap, 10 meters). SoP = ?E/?t P = 236.7/4.235 P = 55.9 Js-1, WHowever, if I ran 20 meters, then the power isP = 236.7/8.47 P = 27.9 Js-1, WThe amount of energy accumulated while rail a lap is then fast towards the end (of each lap) as the subject must come to rest i.e. the velocity is zero. flier likewise that because the subject has to vivify at the theme of every lap, some bare energy is essential for that acceleration. The subject must facilitate every 10 meters because he/she has stop and then run in the turnaround direction.As the lap distance decreases, the power transfer increases. This paucity (of lap distance) will also cause the subject to accelerate and decelerate more often. Therefore, the smaller the lap distance, the larger the error could be (due to the event that some of the energy is employ up in accelerating). utilize a 10 meter track sooner of a 20 meter track could have affected the results because this meant more energy utilise in accelerating. It is therefore, justifiable to say that had the track been lasting (i.e. 20 meters), myself and all of the other subjects could have been able to sustain a higher speed instead of the one that was achieved.