Who was Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers

sleep was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 15 August 1769, the second of Carlo and Letizia naps eight children. In 1778, Napoleon began his education at Autun and ulterior accompanied school in Brienne, excelling in maths and science. Following a familys study at the Ecole Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. The year 1789 saw the bulgebreak of the French revolution, which created an melodic line of opportunity that would not have existed under the Bourbons, and Napoleon was to make the most of it.The first opportunity came in 1793, when Bona fracturee was promoted to brigadier general for the decisive part he played in the siege of Toulon, which ousted the British from mainland France. After the coup de Thermidor in 1794, Napoleon fell out of favor and was imprisoned. After his release he ended up preserving the new government from the Parisian Mob with artillery fire, an event that has become known as the Whiff of Grapeshot. A grateful government la ter appointed Napoleon to command of the Army of Italy. Before his departure, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais on 9 March 1796. political campaign in Italy in 1796 and 1797, he providential the impoverished army with the promise of "honor, glory, and riches," and enjoyed a succession of victories, which resulted in Austria signing the Peace of Campo Formio. His display of bravery, intelligence, and leadership turn up an inspiration to the common soldier and make an enduring bond. Returning to France, he was given charge of an expedition to Egypt, controller of which would threaten English possessions in India. The conquest at the fight of the Pyramids gave French control of Cairo, but the naval defeat at Aboukir Bay isolated the expedition from France. After some unsuccessful candidature in Syria, he departed by ship with a small group of friends and sailed to France, abandoning his Army.In 1799, public sentiment had swung against the government, and following the coup detat de Brumaire, Napoleon became the defacto prescript of France. The country was still at struggle however, and after a dramatic crossing of the Alps, Napoleon defeated the Austrians at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800. This achievement solidified his reputation of invincibility, and combined with otherwise successes, led to a general peace.After a decade of fight, a grateful France made Napoleon Consul for flavour and ... ...as soon forced to retreat. The scorched earth policy engaged by the Russians combined with extreme weather caused the Grand Arme to disintegrate and the campaign ended in disaster. The defeat in Russia prompted Prussia, Sweden, and Austria to declare war on France. Napoleon raised another army but was decisively defeated at the great Battle of Nations. Napoleon fought a last splendid campaign in France to defend Paris, but in April 1814 abdicated and went into exile on the island of Elba. The Bourbon king was restored to the French th rone.While the assort debated a realignment of the map of Europe in Vienna, Napoleon planned his return, and in March 1815, he landed in France and regained his throne in a livid coup. Rather than await another invasion, Napoleon surprised Allied forces in Belgium. After initial success, Napoleon fought the Duke of Wellington leading an Anglo/Allied army at Waterloo, and was decisively defeated on 18 June 1815. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, where he resided until his death on 5 whitethorn 1821. His remains were removed from St. Helena in 1840 and his body now rests at les Invalides in Paris. Who was Napoleon Essay -- essays research papers Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 15 August 1769, the second of Carlo and Letizia Bonapartes eight children. In 1778, Napoleon began his education at Autun and later attended school in Brienne, excelling in mathematics and science. Following a years study at the Ecol e Militaire in Paris, he was commissioned in the artillery in 1785. The year 1789 saw the outbreak of the French revolution, which created an atmosphere of opportunity that would not have existed under the Bourbons, and Napoleon was to make the most of it.The first opportunity came in 1793, when Bonaparte was promoted to brigadier general for the decisive part he played in the siege of Toulon, which ousted the British from mainland France. After the coup de Thermidor in 1794, Napoleon fell out of favor and was imprisoned. After his release he ended up preserving the new government from the Parisian Mob with artillery fire, an event that has become known as the Whiff of Grapeshot. A grateful government later appointed Napoleon to command of the Army of Italy. Before his departure, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais on 9 March 1796.Campaigning in Italy in 1796 and 1797, he inspired the impoverished army with the promise of "honor, glory, and riches," and enjoyed a succe ssion of victories, which resulted in Austria signing the Peace of Campo Formio. His display of bravery, intelligence, and leadership proved an inspiration to the common soldier and formed an enduring bond. Returning to France, he was given charge of an expedition to Egypt, control of which would threaten English possessions in India. The victory at the Battle of the Pyramids gave French control of Cairo, but the naval defeat at Aboukir Bay isolated the expedition from France. After some unsuccessful campaigning in Syria, he departed by ship with a small group of friends and sailed to France, abandoning his Army.In 1799, public sentiment had swung against the government, and following the coup detat de Brumaire, Napoleon became the defacto ruler of France. The country was still at war however, and after a dramatic crossing of the Alps, Napoleon defeated the Austrians at the battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800. This victory solidified his reputation of invincibility, and combined with other successes, led to a general peace.After a decade of war, a grateful France made Napoleon Consul for Life and ... ...as soon forced to retreat. The scorched earth policy employed by the Russians combined with extreme weather caused the Grand Arme to disintegrate and the campaign ended in disaster. The defeat in Russia prompted Prussia, Sweden, and Austria to declare war on France. Napoleon raised another army but was decisively defeated at the great Battle of Nations. Napoleon fought a last brilliant campaign in France to defend Paris, but in April 1814 abdicated and went into exile on the island of Elba. The Bourbon king was restored to the French throne.While the Allies debated a realignment of the map of Europe in Vienna, Napoleon planned his return, and in March 1815, he landed in France and regained his throne in a bloodless coup. Rather than await another invasion, Napoleon surprised Allied forces in Belgium. After initial success, Napoleon fought the Duke of Wellington leading an Anglo/Allied army at Waterloo, and was decisively defeated on 18 June 1815. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, where he resided until his death on 5 May 1821. His remains were removed from St. Helena in 1840 and his body now rests at les Invalides in Paris.

cakes making :: essays research papers

SugarYou have to handle stops with care because can be dangerous. Also sugar can explode.At 315 degrees sugar should be clear. Sugar boils at 215 degrees.Corn syrup helps the sugar not to crystallizeDark burnt umberFor dark coffee berry the melting point is 118 degrees to 128 degreesWhite ChocolateFor white hot burnt umber the melting point is 100 degrees to 105 degrees, then you must enlist off the heat and whip.Types of meringue French is plain egg whites and sugar. But this method is not for buttercream.Italian is made with egg whites, sugar and water. The difference is that the water and sugar are cooked to 240 degrees, and then added into the whipped egg whites.Swiss is made from egg whites and sugar. But the egg whites and egg are heated over a Water can to 110 to 120 degrees, and then put in the machine to whip. If fresh egg whites are used, heat meringue to 150 degrees. 01/09/02Chocolate Should be never refrigerated, for chocolate moose you should heat the chocolate to 150 degrees. Chocolate can be good up to one year, and should be stored at 50 to 70 degrees. In order to temper chocolate you must first cut the chocolate in thin slices. For European chocolate the heating temperature is 120 degrees maximum, but you should unendingly read the package. All chocolate is made different.Tempering is to melt all the crystals and ingredients in the chocolate to the right temperature. There are three methods.Tabling method chocolate holds up to 60 days. extend chocolate to 118 degrees. (American Chocolate) Pour to marble slab and chill to 84 to 85 degrees. Then you handle the chocolate with a scraper and a palette knife. Then you reheat the chocolate to 105 degrees. Then you pour it on the marble slab and repeat the handling until it reaches between 85 and 87 degrees.Seeding method Melt chocolate to the temperature of 118 degrees. You melt 2 pounds and you chop one pound on the side. After heating the two pounds on the chain to 118 degrees, you take o ff the stove and add the other pound and reheat until it is 85 to 87 degrees, and make sure all chocolate is melted and no lumps. Use this method for chocolate that will be used the same day. If you see white spots on a chocolate decoration, you can put the chocolate in the oven for two seconds, and they will disappear.

African American Culture through Oral Tradition Essay -- Essays Papers

African American Culture through Oral TraditionAfrican American folktales have origins rooted in air jacket African literary and cultural forms of expression. When Africans were taken from their homeland and brought to America as hard workers, they also brought with them their individual cultures, languages and customs. However, their white slaveholders suppressed this part of their heritage in them. then they had to find other ways of expression, mainly story telling and songs. It is incredible to see how African slaves could ever smile and laugh under the horrible and poisonous circumstances, which were imposed on them by the brutal slaveholders. The whole body of folktales and spirituals arose from the experiences which slaves had on their plantations mingled with the memories and customs that they brought with them from Africa. They would tell stories using different methods such as acting, gesturing and singing. By these instrument they were able to elevate storytelling int o an art. Most slave owners forbade their slaves from speaking their own language, and forced them to speak English. They were also forbidden from learning to read or write. In this trend slaveholders believed that they were keeping their slaves in ignorance so that they could neither rebel nor escape. They were greatly mistaken for many slaves would make use of their songs and stories to educate their people, and enlighten their minds and free their souls. For example the slave spirituals which they sang were a means with which they could communicate feelings of discontent and of homelessness and exile. However, not all their songs were of disparity and loss. They also sang songs expressing love, joy, and hope. Other than making use of lyrics as a form of expressi... ...Books, Inc New York, 1963.Hamilton, Virginia. The People Could Fly. Knopf Publishing New York, 1985.Jones, Gayl. Liberating Voices Oral Tradition in African American Literature. Harvard University adjure Cambridg e, 1991.Okpewho, Isidore. African Oral Literature. Indiana University Press Bloomington, 1992.Plant, Deborah G. Every Tub Must Sit on Its Own Bottom The Philosophy and Politics Of Zora Neale Hurston. University of Illinois Press Chicago, 1995.Radin, Paul, Ed. African Folktales. Shocken Books New York,1983.Smitherman, Geneva. Talkin and Testifyin The Language of Black America. Houghton Mifflin Boston, 1977.Wright, lee Alfred. Identity, Family and Folklore In African American Literature. Garland Publishing New York, 1995.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Drug Abuse Among Professional Athletes Essay examples -- Substance Abu

Drug ab substance abuse among captain basketball players is a problem as venerable as time. In some circumstances it may not be the athletes fault. For example when they ar treating a minor cough or a cold, the medications employ will sometimes contain small amounts of alcohol. On the other hand some athletes purposely abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. Some attempt to wield up the presence of other drug abuse but most abuse drugs because they will enhance their performance. The most common abused drugs in professional basketball are anabolic steroids, marijuana, and amphetamines. Each drug has its own effect on performance, and disciplinary actions. When an athlete uses anabolic steroids, they usually feel that they will throw off them a competitive advantage over their opponents. If you think that only football players, weightlifters, and sprinters take steroids your wrong. Steroids are designed to mimic the bodybuilding traits of testosterone. The exact effects of anabol ic on the athlete and athletic performance remain controversial but some test results have shown that steroids affect the professional basketball players performance in different ways. Steroids are said to make the athlete feel more energized, more aggressive, and able to train harder. When athletes choose to abuse anabolic steroids it also results in disciplinary actions if they are tested positive by the league. Three types of testing in professional basketball are reasonable cause, first-year, and veterinary testing. If any player tests positive for the first time during any of the three tests, they will be suspended for five games. A second offense for anabolic steroid abuse will result in a ten-game suspension and a third offense will result in a 25 game suspension. The National Basketball Association will release any player if they are convicted of, or plead guilty to a crime involving the use or possession of steroids. Marijuana is the most widely used of the illicit drugs in the National Basketball Association. Marijuana has many negative affects to using it it impairs skills requiring eye-hand coordination and troubled reaction time. It also reduces motor coordination, tracking ability, and perceptual accuracy. When using marijuana you may have side affects such as difficulty concentrating and times where you are in dreamlike situ... ...Arrested for marijuana possession at airport in Canada.1997Mookie BlaylockNBA BasketballArrested for possession of marijuana while already on probation for marijuana and rummy driving convictions.1996Isaiah RiderNBA BasketballArrested for marijuana possession.1996Juwan HowardNBA BasketballArrested for driving under the influence.1995Vernon MaxwellNBA BasketballCharged with marijuana possession. Convicted in 1998, spent 45 age in jail.-http//www.drugs.indiana.edu/prevention/ideas/drugged_athletes.html

The Obstinate Toy Soldier in Mere Christianity Essay example -- C.S. L

In C.S. Lewis book Mere Christianity, The Obstinate Toy Soldier is a chapter with good points. Lewis takes his reader abuse by step through this chapter. In paragraph one he talks about how humans ar consumed with the here and now, so people do not really think about what would have happened if humans never fell. Paragraph two is about how natural life and spiritual life ar not just separate, but opposing sides. Lewis says this because people are born one way and God wants them another way. If these two sides, natural and spiritual life, unite then the way people normally do things would be destroyed in the process. It is like the analogy about the people who were brought up dirty and are afraid to take a bath. Lewis states in paragraph three that if we were to try and make a toy soldier human, that the toy would not see it as helping it, but as trying to destroy it. In some ways people see God this way even though he is trying to save our souls. Paragraphs four and five shed some light on who Jesus was. According to C.S. Lewis he was a real man of particular(prenominal) attributes and ever...

The Obstinate Toy Soldier in Mere Christianity Essay example -- C.S. L

In C.S. Lewis book Mere Christianity, The Obstinate Toy Soldier is a chapter with good points. Lewis takes his reader yard by step through this chapter. In paragraph one he talks about how humans ar consumed with the here and now, so people do not really think about what would have happened if humans never fell. Paragraph two is about how natural life and spiritual life ar not just separate, but opposing sides. Lewis says this because people are born one way and God wants them another way. If these two sides, natural and spiritual life, have then the way people normally do things would be destroyed in the process. It is like the analogy about the people who were brought up dirty and are afraid to take a bath. Lewis states in paragraph three that if we were to try and make a toy soldier human, that the toy would not see it as helping it, but as trying to destroy it. In some ways people see God this way even though he is trying to save our souls. Paragraphs four and five shed some light on who Jesus was. According to C.S. Lewis he was a real man of finical attributes and ever...