Books especially Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Books especially not bad(p) Expectations EssayPip is very childlike the direction heller describes him, most naive and he has a large imagination.Dickens shows Pips naivety by telling the reader Pip believes his mothers name was also Georgina as that was create verbally on the gravestone.Pip is introduced when he is at the graveyard.Dickens aims for the readers empathy by telling us that five of his siblings are dead and buried with his mother and father.The historical ground Dickens used was that in the 1800s children died young. Then we are introduced to the criminal who we later learn is called Abel Magwitch.When Pip meets the convict he is in irons, rags and is hungry.Dickens showed us this serviceman was of lower class by the way he spoke and the fact his did not wear a hat like gentlemen did.A man with no hat, and broken shoes.Abel comes off as a scary man however once he has food and a file for his irons, his attitude changes.Dickens tries to arrive at sympathy fo r Abel by the way he describes him as having a limp and using his arms to warm himself up as well holding himself together.Estella is introduced in chapter eight.Estella is the adopted daughter of Miss Havisham Estella was brought up to hate men by Miss. Havisham.This causes Estella to poke fun at many aspects of Pip.She has been taught well like most fastness class children and Dickens shows this by her speech and appearance.Dont be ridiculous boy, she believes herself to be higher(prenominal) and more important than Pip due to her being of a higher class.Miss. Havisham was a wealthy woman who got jilted at the alter, her life went down hill from there as if she was stuck in the time.We can see that from the way Dickens describes the way her house was decorated.Dickens makes Miss. Havisham come over as a bitter spiteful lady by using her speech and actions.Sometimes I have sick fantasies. She went on.The Setting.The first chapter is tidy sum in a graveyard which gives the reader an eerie yet calm feeling until the convict appears changing the standard pressure to dramatic.Dickens uses words like overg course of instructionn, forgotten and bleak to create the sense of setting and atmosphere.He then goes to use words like terrible and awful to fit into the new dramatic setting.Towards the end of chapter one, Dickens uses nearly a full paragraph on just describing the setting. sky was just a row of long angry, red lines and black lines intermixed. This gives off a rather calming yet suspenseful atmosphere.Chapter eight is started with a strong sense of suspense and curiosity, the setting and atmosphere being both questionable and fearful.Dickens uses words like scornful, dark and uncomfortable to successfully create an atmosphere he describes Miss. Havisham as almost skeleton like then he continues to actually have Pip compare her to a wax skeleton.Dickens uses words like hollow eyes, worn down skin and very slim to get his point across.When comparing the t wo settings they are very similar by that way they are both set in a dark settings and suspenseful atmospheres. The storyline.The entire book is mainly focussed around Pips days and his see of new people in both different classes.Chapter one is focussed on Pip encounter the convict, who is of a lower class and then chapter eight is focussed on Pip meeting Estella and Miss. Havisham who are of a higher class.The story is about Pip and his feelings when he meets each of these people as well as the expectations he has for himself once meeting those people.Pip tries to raise his expectations for himself once hes met Estella.Dickens chooses everything carefully when writing a storyline, like names for instance he describes calling upon Estella in chapter eight as her light came along the dark passage like a star. Estella is actually Latin for star so you can tell he chose the name sagely as well as fitting historical context into the chapter.He also uses pat experiences to help write about events in his books especially Great Expectations.

Natural Science Essay Example for Free

Natural Science EssayThe relevance of this leaven question is to determine which brand of leading publisher wipes is the best almost absorbent. Consumers want to use the product that is most effective at meeting their needs. A much expensive product may actually be more(prenominal) cost effective if you can use less of it than a brand that costs less.Literature ReviewMany experiments have been conducted to test the strength and absorbency of authorship pass overs. While the go of the experiment vary from test to test, all of experiments are testing the same cardinal factors how much water can from each one write up towel brand absorb and how strong are each of the constitution towels. Below I have reviewed the process and results from three experiments that are similar to the virtuoso I volition be using.In the first experiment, the tester uses five brands of paper towels to test for absorbency, using paper towels of the same size to guarantee the verity of the results. He draws a two inch circle in the center of a sheet of paper towel from each brand represented and placing the paper towel in an or let outntation hoop to maintain stability. He then drops fifteen drops of water into the center of the circle draw on the paper towel, restate the process for each brand, and measures the amount of time it takes the paper towel to wick the moisture outside of the circle. This test concludes that Bounty has the greatest absorbency.The next experiment tests for both absorbency and strength. As in the first test, several different brands of paper towels were used. In this experiment, to test the absorbency, the tester takes a sheet of each of the towels an inserts it into a glass with two ounces of water and leaves each sit for twenty seconds. After the twenty seconds expired, the tester removed the paper towel from the glass and rang out each paper towel into a measu dance orchestra cup to see how much water each towel had absorbed. The second part of the experiment is conducted by stretching sheets of each paper towel through an embroidery hoop, placing 25 pennies in the center of the paper towel, and adding water to the towel drop by drop until the pennies fall through. The strongest paper towel in this test was Brawny Brand.The final experiment that I reviewed also tried for absorbency. The theory behind this experiment was the fast-paced that water moves through the towel, the more absorbent it is. The experimenter cut strips from each paper towel, one inch coarse and six inches long. A mark is drawn on each paper towel one inch from the end using a waterproof marker. The strip is then held in a glass of water with the bottom inch submerged, time how long it takes for the water to stumble the space of the strip. The process is then repeated for each brand that is beingness tested. The most absorbent brand in this test was Brawny.Experimental DesignA. Steps in Experimental ProcedureThe absorbency of the towels will be tested by the speed the water moves through the paper towels, the faster the water moves, the more absorbent the towel is. I will be using the following brands of paper towels in my experiment Brawny, Bounty, Sparkle and Scott. Other supplies required to complete the experiment are a waterproof marker, and a sixteen-ounce glass of water, and a timer that registers tenths of a second.1. Prepare three precedents of paper towel from each brand by cutting strips of each that is 2 inches wide and six inches long. 2. Using a water-proof marker, draw a line across each paper towel one inch from the bottom. 3. Fill a sixteen ounce glass with water and prepare timer. 4. Take the first strip of paper towel and submerge it up to the line in the glass of water while holding it vertical to the glass while starting the timer. 5. Allow the timer to feed in until the water is absorbed through the paper towel and reaches the end of the towel not submerged. 6. Stop the timer and record the time in tenths of seconds. 7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for all three strips of each brand.B. Reasoning for Choosing my Experimental Design PlanThe reason I chose this design for my experiment is because it seemed to be more accurate than other testing methods I found during my literature review and could be performed with items I already had in my home. The experiment where the tester rang out the paper towels and measure the water that they had absorbed is less accurate because there is no guarantee of exerting the same amount of force each time you ring out a towel. There is no way to completely drain the towel of all of the liquid it absorbed. Stretching the paper towel samples across the embroidery frame is sound way to perform the experiment but it would have required the purchase of additional materials.C. Sequence of Events to Collect Quantitative DataI will begin the collection of quantitative data by cutting the paper towel samples from each brand into strips that are one inch wide by six inches long, to ensure that all of the samples will be equal. I will use the same glass of water for each test to ensure the water composition is the same for each test. I have created a spreadsheet in excel with a column listing each of the brands being tested and three columns for the time in tenths of a second to be entered upon completion of the experiment. During the experiment, I will make notes on a tablet of the brand name and the time recorded to be entered into the spreadsheet upon completion of the entire experiment.D. Describe Tools, Technologies, and Measurement Units that are used to Collect the DataTo collect the data for this experiment I will use one inch wide by six inch long strips of paper towel from each of the brands being tested, a ominous water-proof marker to mark the strips of paper towel, an eight ounce glass of water, my hand to hold the strip vertical to the glass once submerged as indicated in the experimental procedure, a timer that m easures tenths of a second, and a pad and pencil to record the initial results. Once the experiment is complete I will tape drive the results of the experiments to the spreadsheet that I have created using Microsoft Excel. I will also use excel to create the graphic representation of the experiment results.Dependent, Independent and Controlled Variables of the ExperimentThe fissiparous variable in my paper towel experiment is the one inch by six inch strip of paper towel taken from a roll of each brand of paper towel used in the experiment.The dependent variable in the experiment is the amount of time it takes the water to travel the length of the strip of paper towel measured in tenths of a second.The controlled variables of the experiment are using the same glass of water, same size sample of paper towel, and same timer for each test in the experiment.Threat Reduction to Internal ValidityTo reduce internal threats to validity I will use the same size fix of each paper towel fro m each brand for each test to conduct the experiment, marking each piece with a line at exactly one inch from the bottom. I will use the same water sample to ensure the liquid being absorbed by each sample strip is identical the same timer will be used for each test to ensure the accuracy of the time recorded for each test. I will also monitor my results for outliers in the time required to absorb the water through each test towel to ensure the results are valid for each test.HypothesisThe sample of Bounty paper towels will pilfer up the water through the length of paper towel faster than the other brands because it is thicker than the other brands being tested. I have arrived at this conclusion because the dual layers of towel that are present in the sample of Bounty create a greater surface to absorb water. The other brands are much thinner and have less thickness to soak up water.

Poverty, Education and Health Care Essay Example for Free

measlyness, Education and Health C ar EssayAbstractPoverty and education play an important role in opening to wellness get by. A busted socioeconomic status influences the wellness of the great unwashed. This paper offers a common overview of how poverty and education determines rise to power to health c ar. It provides a description of the consequences of poverty and education on health c be accessibility. Fin aloney it provides solutions as how to address the issue.The tie beam amid poverty, education and access to aesculapian exam cargon has received considerable attention. Health influences all the activities of an individual. All societies are concerned with varying levels of health among their members. They are likewise concerned about marginalized sections of society clear access to health foreboding.Poverty and its effects on societyPeople belonging to short(p) communities deplete poorer health outcomes. They arrive less access to primary care a s compared with more(prenominal) affluent residents. They are excessively less comparablely to nurture health indemnification and perpetual doctor. They are more likely to start degenerative health problems. They are more likely to get hospitalized for conditions which tramp be detected and treated at an early stage. Despite an expansive public indemnification program these health problems remain. At least 18 percent of Americans are without medical insurance. This means a total of 44 million are without health insurance out of a population of 300 million. An estimated 87 percent of plenty are covered by government or employee based health care insurance (Cutler, 2004).People with low socioeconomic status face galore(postnominal) challenges in maintaining their health. They receive a high mortality rate. They are more likely to be suffering from slightly disease. They have limited health care resources. They be in poor environmental situations. The United States has one of the worlds most impressive standards of living. At least 32 million Americans feel below the poverty line. In addition to poor slew an estimated 50 million people live in poverty like conditions. Health assay factors like smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are fix in poor Americans (Cutler, 2004).They have a higher prevalence of dis superpower and chronic illness. They have a shorter life expectancy. Children belonging to poor families are more likely to be malnourished. Many poor Americans live in houses which have aim paint. This can cause growth problems in children. Poor people eat inexpensive food which is fatty and privations important nutrients. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage.Patients postpone their medical care and they are more likely to go without prescription medicines. Low income workers are at the highest risk of creation uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage. They work in low wage jobs that do not offer i nsurance. They cannot afford the high premiums associated with health care insurance. The lack of a everyday source of care is another barrier to seek adequate health care.The challenges associated with poverty create conditions that can diminish lifesavings, lower learning ability and go down physical, mental and emotional well being. All of these factors are a threat to peoples health. Urban areas in the United States have many health care facilities. However poor people cannot make use of these work. The major challenge is the high address of visiting doctors, medicine and hospital care. Social factors like language barriers and prejudice by providers also hinder the accessibility of health care by poor people. The government also faces challenges in trying dispersal health education in poor communities.Health care services are vital for the survival and livelihood of poor people. Illness persists in poor people. It stops people from workings and forces them to sell assets. They fall into debt and are lead into a vicious cycle of dependency and poverty. Failure to treat themselves leads to illness and disability. This bring forward reduces the ability to work in poorer households. People living in rural areas are forced to bear high transport costs. This is difficult and expensive for them. The lack of local health centers in rural areas further hinders the ability of poor people to access adequate health care (Crichton, 1997).The huge time that takes for poor people to obtain treatment is one of the greatest barriers which they face. Time away from jobs results in lost income. Health services run by governments are commonly inefficient and are characterized by neglect. The quality of service is low. There is shortage of faculty. There is no proper medicine and equipment. In many countries in that respect is no safe water to drink.In developing countries there are high costs to health care. Besides the official fees there are corrupt staff members who demand bribes and fees in return for ordinary services. These services can include registration, tests and being given medicine. They can also pressurize a sick psyche to make unnecessary visits to the hospital. Payment methods are not flexible in many developing countries. Payment usually has to be made in hike up and in cash. This causes considerable hardship for poor people (Crichton, 1997).Education and its effects on societyEducation also plays an important role in health care. Many people with low literacy cannot read and understand directions written on medications. They cannot complete medical consent forms. They have problems in accessing health care and dealings with health related issues. Health literacy is the ability to read and understand words and procedures related to health care. It consists of comprehension, communication and appropriate action. The direct effects of low health literacy are medication errors. The indirect issues can include insurance issues , accessibility to health care and poor health behavior (Shi, 2003).Low health literacy affects people of all ages, races, educational levels and social classes. It is driven by a variety of factors. It is a multidimensional issue. Understanding written materials has been part of extensive health literacy in the past few years. Sensitivity to culture has also become part of health literacy out-of-pocket to the diverse population of the world. Messages and images have to be tailored to realize the diverse beliefs and values of people. Health literacy is concerned with understanding the information necessary to manage health (Shi, 2003).It is estimated that at least 90 million people in the United States cannot read. The health of such people is at risk. Ethnic minority groups are also affected by low health literacy. Older patients, recent immigrants, people with chronic diseases and those with low income are also indefensible to having low health literacy. Many people with avera ge or unanimous literacy skills have found medical terminology and concepts confusing.There are many health consequences associated with a low literacy level. Research has found that at least one third of patients have health problems because of failure in taking prescription medication correctly. People with low health literacy cannot comply with prescribed treatments and self care routines. They also have a high rate of failure in seeking pr until nowtive care. They are more at risk for hospitalization. They lack the skills to successfully move in the complex healthcare governing body (Shi, 2003).Patients with low health literacy have glycemic control. They are also more likely to report eye problems caused by diabetes. The annual health care costs for individuals with low health literacy are five times higher than those with higher health literacy skills. People with low health literacy are more likely to use health care services. Additional health care expenditures result from low health literacy skills. People cannot feel part of the social structure. They are also vulnerable to anxiety and other mental disorders. They can also alienate other people. Research has also found that people with low literacy levels are more vulnerable to die.While federal and state lawmakers continue to debate about how to increase access to health care, some of them are thinking of reinsurance system which might be affordable for poor people. In order to understand the concept of insurance it is essential that policy makers understand the concepts, benefits and limits of reinsurance mechanism.Reforms in Health careReinsurance in health care refers to risk take out or risk pooling arrangements. These are designed to remove the barriers which low income workers and minorities face when accessing health care. Risk manoeuver arrangements can help in this matter but they cannot lower health care costs. Policy makers must design policies which encourage participation from insur ers and remove incentives to transfer costs to taxpayers.Reinsurance is defined as an insurance company buying insurance itself. The primary insurer is protected against the rare set of circumstances which might beat losses that it cannot fund on its own. Property and casualty insurance are the areas where reinsurance has been successfully implemented. Companies working in these areas can take heavy losses due to natural disasters in a short time period.This induces insurers to buy reinsurance on the commercial market. Poor people cannot afford health insurance coverage. This directly affects their ability to access medical care. Patients postpone their medical care and they are more likely to go without prescription medicines. Low income workers are at the highest risk of being uninsured because they are ineligible for Medicaid coverage (Kling, 2004).Public health plays a vital role in countering the effects of poverty on health care. It also minimizes the disparities in health by income. Public health policies protect the health of the population. It also plays an important role in reducing contagious diseases and providing low cost health services to marginalized sections of society. There are many examples of public health functions. Immunizing babies, improving sanitation, combating sexually transmitted diseases, protecting the environment and containing tuberculosis are some of the public health functions.Public health focuses on reallocating resources to communities which have low incomes. The US government has a network of community health centers, public clinics, shallow based clinics and health clinics for low income workers, migrants, minorities and homeless people. The National Health Service Corps is an organization which provides services and places physicians in vulnerable communities. Public health services also focus on specific diseases like tuberculosis. They also increase immunization efforts against this disease.They provide services whi ch improve the health of low income families. Neighborhoods are cleaned from lead paint, pollution control and nutrition programs are launched. Women and children are fed through special programs. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more affluent residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor. They are more likely to have chronic health problems (Kling, 2004).Medicaid is the largest public programs that have improved access to health care. It provides health services to low income population. It finance health and long term care insurance for over 40 million low income Americans. Before Medicaid the poor people were essentially without any medical care. They relied on charity of physicians and hospitals. Public hospitals and clinics were also visited by poor people. Medicaid has made health services available to poor people. It has improved their health status and access to quality care.It has also created satisfaction amongst the poor people. Uninsured poor people lag well behind those people who have coverage with Medicaid. People with Medicaid have even fared comparably with private insurance (Kling, 2004). Despite the fact that these programs offer valuable assistance to low income populations, the deficits in access and coverage faced by low income population cannot be easily overcome. Increase in income does produce a substantial contribution to removing health differentials. However this is the need for insurance coverage and support for community based resources to eliminate health disparities by income.Poverty is hazardous for the physical and mental well being of an individual. Low income and homeless people are poor physical functions. They have a high prevalence of health risk factors and chronic health conditions. They also are more vulnerable to depression and other mental disorders. Research has shown that people living in vulnerable communities have a higher rate of being diagnosed with mental disorders as compared with more affluent communities (Kling, 2004).There is a need for prevention, intervention and treatment of diseases for poor people. Welfare reform cannot succeed without taking into account the special health problems of poor people and children. Poverty is associated with depression and other symptoms. It contributes to depression. People with insufficient personal support have no assistance in raising children. They live under the chronic stress of having children but little money to support them. They are at a higher risk for depression. There is a strong link between single-parent status, responsibility for young children, social isolation, and lack of social supports as well as to poverty.Welfare recipients have many barriers towards employment. They have low skills, substance abuse, health limitation or children with chronic medical conditions. They have serious forms of barriers. They have also high level of distress. They seek help from full general medical, specialized and human service sources. Poor people with low income and education have poorer health outcomes. They have less access to primary care as compared with more affluent residents. They are also less likely to have health insurance and regular doctor.They are more likely to have chronic health problems. They are more likely to get hospitalized for conditions which can be detected and treated at an early stage. Despite an expansive public insurance program these health problems remain. At least 18 percent of Americans are without medical insurance. This means a total of 44 million are without health insurance out of a population of 300 million. An estimated 87 percent of people are covered by government or employee based health care insurance.Rising health care costs have become unbearable in the world. This is a problem for poor people in the westerly countries and the situation is even worse in developing countries. There is a need for reform in the health care system. Many poor people are not covered by health insurance. Critical care medicine in high technology hospitals are only for a broken group of patients (Ham, 2004).The first step should be rationing in containing health care costs. Public health care resources are limited. It is not possible to revenge all medical needs for all people at all times. An appropriate goal for developing countries is to provide basic health care for the people. virtually luxury medical procedures must be left for individuals to purchase with their own resources. A basic level of health care must be provided for all people.Providing the best care is practically impossible. The government can however provide a basic level of care. Prevention orientated and ordinary treatment oriented goals must be set for developing countries and their health care systems. Inexpensive medical prevention is more effective and appropriate for poor people. Finally there should be a system of support which should help people with special expensive medicine care. Special foundations should come to the rescue of poor people for jot and life saving procedures (Cundiff, 2005).ConclusionThe health and well being of poor communities is an issue confronting both developed and developing countries. Research has found links between poverty and the health of people. Inside the United States many poor people do not have health insurance. Some of them cant even think of affording health insurance. They are more concerned with the basic amenities of life. People in developing countries are even worse off. They have access to state hospitals and clinics which do not have trained staff, prescription medicine and advanced hospital care (Cundiff, 2005).A low health literacy rate is also dangerous for the well being of people. It can have adverse negative economic and social impacts. They can die at from treatable causes and get hospitalized bec ause of their lack of health literacy skills. They are also prone to suffering from mental diseases like anxiety and depression. There is the need for health reform in the entire world. Governments must provide a basic level of health care to all citizens.Advanced hospital care must be made available by foundations and donations. Governments working in coordination with community support groups can effectively counter the affects of poverty and low education on the health care of poor people. Some health responsibilities and policies should be transferred to community groups. The international community must help poor countries in developing basic and adequate health care system.ReferencesCutler, David M. (2004). Your Money Or Your Life Strong euphony for Americas Health CareSystem. US Oxford University Press.Crichton, Anne (1997). Health Care A Community Concern?. US University of Calgary.Shi, Leiyu (2003). Delivering Health Care in America A Systems Approach. US Jones and Bartlet t.Kling, Arnold S. (2004). Crisis of Abundance Rethinking How We Pay for Health Care. US Cato Institute.Ham, Christopher (2004). Health Care Reform Learning from International Experience. US McGraw-Hill Education.Cundiff, David E. (2005). The Right Medicine How to Make Health Care Reform Work Today. US Humana Press.

Representation of mental health problems in the media

Representation of psychical salubriousness problems in the mediaMedia tends to use harsh words such(prenominal) as psycho and maniac as the headline when referring to tidy sum with psychogenic wellness problem, which can influence the public perception. Previous query stirs that there is a strong rink between banish portray of mental health and public attitude towards pile with those conditions (Rose, 1998). This essay, aims to examine ostracise representation of mental health problems in the media. It will be ground on qualitative research method and will take a view of thematic depth psychology of the sun newspaper. Result indicated that media tends to focus on the ostracise news as it is to a greater extent news worthy, exaggerate and generalising people with mental health problems. Recommendations suggested media should stick to facts in relation to mental health and should stop producing negative information in this field.Introduction and aimsData from 2010 survey by the UK Office of National Statistics showed that 1 in 6 adult experience at to the lowest degree one diagnosable mental health problem at any given time and that severity will vary from mild anxiety to conditions such as bipolar disorder (http//www.guardian.co.uk). Previous studies in this area found that people perception were influenced by media negative representation of mental health disorders (Rose,1998), this was support by philo (1993) who found that public attitude towards crime and mental health was based on what was presented in the media. Media representation of mental health problems tends to be fly-by-night with negative comments and always emphasises on the link between people with mental health and violent crimes.A study by Cutcliffe and Hannigan (2001) examined media reporting of people with mental health problems and concluded that media stories tends to be focused on violence dangerousness and criminality toward others in relation to a person with a mental illne ss. Anderson (2003) also suggest that the media only focus on reporting negative events such as murder consignted by those with mental health problems more than then the awareness of mental health. Yet there is evident that people with mental health problems do not commit more crimes than the rest of the population. According to large et al (2008) study on homicides due to mental health between 1950-200, they suggested that only a small proportion of people with mental health do commit violent crimes compa vehement to those with no mental health problems. The relationship between mental health problems and violent crimes are mostly linked to alcohol and substance debauch and not just mental health condition. Although a small proportion of people with mental health problems tends to be violent, the majority are victims of violent attacks and the media seems to immobilise produce this (www.guardian.co.uk).Furthermore, Edney (2004) Argue that even though media always features stori es relating to mental health, those stories tend to be exaggerated and negative in torn. Anderson (2003) claimed that media stories which portray people with mental health negatively tend to gain more publicity than those which dont. The purpose of this essay is to examine the impact of portraying people with mental health negatively in the media which will be achieved by thematically analysing name from the sun newspaper. Studies such as that of Stuart (2006) claimed that, media negative presentation on mental health does have a significant effect on people with mental health problems.Analytic approachArticle on coverage story of Raoul moat 37 was elect from the sun newspaper from the internet dated (10th July, 2010), who shoot his ex-lover through the window of her house and killed her then boyfriend while trying to protect her as well as living a police officer blind after gunning him down while on duty. Before going on a unfold for almost a week and turning the gun on himself after a police standoff. The sampling method used was probability sampling. Thematic analysis was employed In order to explore how people with mental health problems are portrayed by the media.Thematic analysis procedure involves different introduces. world-class stage involved Students creation instructed to develop a research question which related to the representation of mental health illness. Stage two students had to read the obligate which was based on a story of Raoul Moat in order to be familiar with the data. Stage three here students had to transcribe data from the article into text stage four is coding for themes this involves organizing words which relate to similar topics into categories which requires reading text and note down words of interest for the chosen research question, Text needs to be examined closely, line by line. Stage louvre includes Text being re-examined to see if all the information is relevant to themes. The final stage is reporting each theme by writing its description and illustrating it with a few quotations from the original text. This will be coved in the findings section. (Boyatzis, 1998).Findings and discussionThe following themes where place within the text.Theme 1 Paranoid about the cops.Moat hated the police whom he called animals, He hated the police.called them pigs. He believed that they had something against him due to the nitty-gritty of time he had been stopped in the first place going to prison, They harassed him on the outside by pulling him over in his car every five minutes for no reason. More crucially, having being dumped over the phone by his then lover while saving time in prison for contend a relative left him convinced that she had left him for a cop. he was fixated on the other man being a police officer.. Shes dumped me for a fucking pig.Theme 2 Emotional meltdown.Prior to calling Samantha from the prison phone booth, moat was in sincere mood he was fine before..he said he was going to ring Samantha. But after making that call he came back a different person, the colour of his skin had changed to red and he was in ties. He completely changedHis neck and face had turned red. He was crying same a baby. Moat took all the feeling of being rejected on the fellow prisoners fuck off scam- get out of my face. he went mental one time because Eric had stuck out the place.the articles looked at referred to mental health in general and exaggerate on the actual information. Most of the information reported was descriptive e.g. media called him psycho even though there was no bear witness to support that he was suffering from psychosis.These articles where published by journalist who may have little or no back ground knowledge on mental health, they are business driven and therefore look for news worth in order to sell the papers instead of focusing on the actual facts.Media create a label for people with mental health problems such as mentally ill, and psycho.Character of inform ationMost publications relating to mental health problems tend to be exaggerated. Media we use one particular incidence (e.g. how moat had mental health) to generalised everyone with mental health condition.Most of the information the media report tends to be descriptive (e.g. how person with mental illness has committed murder). Very little place is devoted to explanatory information example, about causes or symptoms of mental illnesses)recommendations for good practice when reporting on violent crime stories which may be linked to mental illness Media should Avoid using offensive words like psycho and nutter, be certain about the information they report instead of speculating news. They should make it clear to the reader that only a very few people with mental health problems are violent.ConclusionsPublications in media relating to people with mental health problems are negatively which paints a picture of people with mental health problems as dangerous criminals which can live th em being labelled and stereotypes with society.In order to remove this stigma, journalists should be provided with some guidelines where they can find information on mental health problemsIn general media coverage of mental health problems tends to be negative, Media uses harsh words such as crazed, maniac or monster to referrer to people with mental health problems. Specific conditions were less likely to be mentioned in headlines than general references like mental illness. Media representation of mental health tends to be more sensational headlines than sensational stories.

Design Flaws on the Titanic

Design Flaws on the bigThe drop of the big is one of the most well known sea disasters to date. It has had numerous songs, movies, books, and yet a cruise planned in its honor. There were 2340 lot aboard the ship when it set sail across the Atlantic on its maiden ocean trip. When it sank, on that point was a total loss of life of 1635 people (Myers 17) Not only are there several theories about the cause, there are several changes that came from the sinking of the Titanic that range from modifying the goals of the ships, regulations on type of materials used, and better laws and regulations for refuge and communications. This disaster has affected the land as a whole, as there were people from incompatible countries and social status that lost their lives in the disaster.In 1904, Trans-Atlantic British ships were all fitted with the radio equipment created by Guglielmo Marconi. The operators for these were previous operators from railroad lines and the postal telegraph. In E ngland, the general chatter on land lines was CQ. When the wireless progressed to sea this became CQD signifying CQ general call, D distress. The Titanic first used CQD with the Titanics call letters MGY. Later, they would use this interspersing it with the newly created distress inscribe of SOS. (McEwen)When the Titanic set sail it was equipped with the best available electrical generators and radio equipment for the wireless by Marconi Company. Which was the dominate provider of radio equipment and operators. It had 5 kilowatt motor generator with an emergency generator and batteries. The radio had a guaranteed range of 250 miles under any weather and could maintain communications over 400 miles. The overture was quaternion wires stretched between two masts with a height of 205 feet in a higher place sea level. This was fed by four individual wire feed lines. (Johnson)On the shadow of the 14th, the two operators, Jack Phillips and Harold Bride, were going through the backlo g of communications due to radio equipment problems. The first message received mentioned ice. By 930PM, they had received sundry(a) reports of the dangerous ice. They only responded with Thanks and continued on. By 1055, the Californian said that they were stopped and surrounded by ice and they were told to shut by Phillips, and that they (the Titanic operators) were busy with Cape Race. (Cape Race Wireless in Newfoundland). However, Captain Edward J. Smith of the Titanic ordered the change in course based on four of the received messages.Three warnings were received from the crows nest. (Myers 46) Even fifteen minutes before the Titanic struck, the lookout men had reported seeing an iceberg. No attention was paid to the warnings. (Myers 47) This was at 1115pm. Murdock, the officer in charge of the bridge, was accused of being tardy in answering the call from lookouts. That without his tardiness, the Titanic could suck up averted the disaster, allowing her to turn becoming to h it the iceberg with her stern. (Myers 48) It was also noted that disaster could ca-ca been averted had the lookout men in the crows nest been equipped with binoculars. They had requested these in Belfast, only to be turned away empty-handed.The Titanic was 900 ft long, 25 stories high, and weighed 46, 000 tons. It was created with turn of the century design and technology. It possessed 16 major peeingtight compartments in the lower department of the boat. These were easily sealed off if the hull was punctured. In the worse accident at sea (two ships collide) the Titanic should have been able to stay afloat for 2-3 geezerhood allowing clip for resue. (Bassett) However, after the collision with the iceberg, the hull part of 6 of the 16 compartments were damaged. They sealed off the compartments but when the bow of the ship pitched forward from the water weight in that area, the water spilled over into the other adjacent compartments. They were only watertight horizontally, the to ps were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline. (Bassett) These compartments are what caused the general belief that the Titanic was practically unsinkable. However it is found that without those compartments the water would have spread out, preventing the bow from weighing the ship down beneath water level. The White Star Line modified the Titanic sister ships, Olympic and Britannic, by extending the double bottoms up the sides of the hull, and the transverse bulkhead compartments were raised. (Garzke and others)In addition to the design flaws, it was found that the hull steel and wrought iron rivets failed due to brittle fracture. This is a type of failure in structural materials that occurs without prior deformation and at extremely high speeds. Brittle fracture is caused by low temperatures, high impact load, and high sulphur content. At the night of the collision, all three causes were present. (Bassett) Scientists recovered a physical composition of the hull steel and noted that the edges were jagged and sharp, shattered as if it was china. The metal showed no evidence of bending or deformation. High prime(a) steel is more ductile and will deform rather than break. (Gannon, 1995) The steel recovered from the Titanic was given the Charpy test This is where a cigarette sized verifier of steel from the wreck was held against steel backing and struck with a 67lb pendulum on a 2 ft long arm. This was compared with modern steel and they were placed in a alcohol bath at -1C to simulate the conditions of the disaster. The modern steel bent into a v, wereas the Titanic steel pinged, the pendulum barely slowed and the broken piece flew across the room (Bassett) The wrought iron rivets in the hull were also have shown to fail due to brittle facture. In addition to that design flaws, tests have shown that lesser quality iron rivets when they hit the iceberg, the weaker rivets in the bow popped, opening the seams in the hull (Hooply-McC arty and Foeck)From the beginning of the voyage, there were not enough lifeboats for the get along of people on the ship. If the lifeboats were filled to capacity, they would fit 1100 people( Myers 17) The designer had allowed room on lard for 2 rows of lifeboats. One row was removed in order to make the deck ascetically pleasing.(Bassett) The British Board of Trade regulations at that time stated that all British vessels over 10,000 tons must carry 16 lifeboats with a capacity of 5,500 cubic feet, plus enough rafts and floats for 75% of the lifeboats. These were obviously out of date as steamships had greatly grown in size proved by Titanics 46, 000 tons. Actually, The White Star Line had provided 20 lifeboats which was more than required by law, but inadequate for the amount of passengers on board. There were multiple changes in the laws and regulations after the Titanic disaster. After the Titanic sank, they strengthened the laws governing the use of radio equipment on ocean l iners. (Gale Group 1999) There were new established safety regulations. The US government also began ice patrols to alert the English and US boats of approaching ice fields, they do sure the lifeboats were supplied properly, and change the requirements regarding lifeboats. Up to this point, lifeboats were based on tonnage, and this was change so that every person aboard the ship had a seat on the lifeboat. They also established lifeboat drills that were held once the ship sailed. (Visible Ink Press)The Titanic barely made a noise when it struck the iceberg. Large amounts of the passengers had already gone to bed. Stewards and other members of lot were sent to arouse the people. Some refused to get up. The ring almost had to force the doors of the staterooms to make them appreciate their peril many an(prenominal) were drowned like rats in a trap.(Myers 53) The slight lean the ship had as it was sinking, contributed to a bigger loss of life, as few could believe that there was dan ger, and this resulted in the passengers going back to their various activities, or going to dress.Once on the deck, many hesitated to forecast the swinging life-boats. The glassy sea, the starlit sky, the absence, in the first few moments of intense excitement, gave them the feeling that there was only some slight mishap that those who got on the boats would have a chilly half hour below and might, later, be laughed at. (Myers 57) The call was put out that the lifeboats would be filled with women and children first. This caused a panic as many women clung to their husbands and refused to be separated. A number of steerage passengers were yelling, screaming and fighting to get on board. Officers drew guns and told them if they moved towards the boats they would be shot dead. (Myers 59) However, once on the lifeboats, it was spy that there was a lack of necessary equipment. The boats were filled 1/3 to capacity, with no supplies, no way to raise sails or operate sailboats. (Myers 7 2) Several of the lifeboats would indemnity to allow some fo the survivors ot climb into the lifeboats, escaping from the freezing water.The RMS Carpathia was the closest ship to the disaster that responded, and would be the one that brought the survivors to New York City. The total loss of life would amount to 1635 people. (Myers 17) From these survivors, a large portion of these are children from first and second class. Only 27 children were saved from the 79 total of third class passengers. This could also be contributed to the language barrier due to the large amount of foreign third class passengers. There were a total of 425 women aboard the ship, from first, second, third class, and crewmembers. Out of these, 316 survived. The absolute majority loss of life, also coming from the third class passengers. Only 338 men survived the sinking, this is out of all 1352 men aboard. This is partially due to the women and children first rule.At the time of voyage, there were a variety of the rich and powerful on the Titanic. These included John Jacob Astor IV and his wife, Madelein, Macys owner Isidor Straus, and his wife, Ida, silent film actress, Dorothy Gibson, the Countess of Rothes, Denver millionaire, Margaret Brown, Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon, and his intriguer wife, streetcar magnate, George Dunton Widner, Pennsylvania railroad executive John Borland Thayer and his 17yr old son, and U.S. presidential aide Major Archibald Butt. When news of the Titanic spread, the resulting panic insued because of some of the worlds movers and shakers were on that boat, and the cosmos worried about how this would effect them.The Titanic is one of the great sea disasters to date. The resulting loss of life and loss of large amounts of money, mail, and various riches that couldnt be replaced, or retrieved. There are no survivors left of this disaster, however to this day, Belfast mourns the loss of 123 people from Lebanon traveling on the Titanic along with mostly European pass engers and Asiatic crew. Every year they lay a wreath to commemorate the loss. (The Irish Times.)The ultimate cause of the Titanic sinking was from striking an iceberg on its voyage from Belfast to its ultimate destination of New York. During the time they were crossing the North Atlantic, they were also battling a coal fire in one of the traps. It was assumed that the crew was attempting to break speed records at that time. However, the ship was built for comfort, rather than speed. And in further investigation of reports from surviving crew, the fire has become another factor as to why ship was moving so fast after reports came in about the ice fields in an area of the North Atlantic that made the travel distance shorter from the original planned route. If there was a reason for speed, it had to be something important, like a fire in a coal bunker that neede to be kept under control and put out as soon as the ship reached port.(Science Daily)The multitude of complications that ar ouse from this maiden voyage changed account from the large loss of life. This could have been avoided with simple precautions, and a more realistic idea of the unsinkable Titanic. The communication issue on the Titanic is what pioneered the wireless world today. The new regulations for ships at sea, resulted in more and better equipped lifeboats and ice patrols in areas known for ice fields. The designs and materials used for the ships were changed to allow for safer ships, preventing the shattering of steel or water weighting down the ship. Without this disaster, would we have progressed this far so fast?

Chilli Peppers and the Southeast Asian Identity

chili Peppers and the Southeast Asian IdentityIntroduction chile peppers are an intact vocalisation of Southeast Asian cuisine today. M each people associate chili so tight with Southeast Asian cuisines that roughly shops in Western countries selling Southeast Asian feed have had to add excessive amounts of chili to their food in order to cater to what foreigners value is Southeast Asian food. However, chilli peppers were actually introduced into Southeast Asia a little less than 500 years. Therefore, they are non an indigenous aspect of Southeast Asian cuisine but rather a product of globalisation. Yet today, Southeast Asian cuisines display a penchant for chillieswith almost every cuisine claiming a variation of a chilli condiment (Williams, 2010, p. 41).In this essay, the key issues will be to explore why chillies became so hot in Southeast Asian in the first place and how their importance has evolved over the years to make them an integral part of Southeast Asian ident ity through the means of cuisine. Firstly, we will intent at the history of chilli peppers and how they were brought into the Southeast Asian character. Secondly, we will see what Southeast Asian cuisine was like in the first place chilli peppers became such an integral part of it. Thirdly, we will explore why chilli peppers caught on so quickly as part of the indigenous cuisine. Lastly, I will argue that the division of chilli has evolved in Southeast Asian cuisine and today, its popularity transcends culinary trends to form an integral part of Southeast Asian identity.The History of ChilliThe colonial powers and the preponderance of trade in the Southeast Asian region were the key factors in introducing chilli peppers to the cuisines of Southeast Asian. Chilli peppers were the indigenous plants of the Americas from 6000 BC. sea Cuisine before ChilliSoutheast Asian cuisine before the introduction of chilli already indicated a local preference for down(p) food. In Thailand, pe ople were seasoning their food with ginger and peppercorns. This preference for mouth-watering food might be an indication of local conditions that made the region more than susceptible or accommodating of spicy food. Unsurprisingly, when the Portuguese introduced chilli peppers to the regions in the 1500s, the Thai were the quickest to adapt them into their food.The Prevalence of Chilli in SEA CuisineThe prevalence of chilli in SEA cuisine after its introduction to the region less than 500 years ago is the result of a combination of factors that let in sociological fences, culinary reasons, scientific reasons and geographical reasons.It is hard to explain the popularity of chilli in the region due to biology. Recent studies have indicated that Asians 25% more likely than people of other races to be super druthers perceptionrs. Supertasters are more sensitive to certain tastes and Asians would therefore be more prone to experiencing the burn of capsaicin through chilli enjoymen t. Yet despite this ethnic trait, the prevalence of chilli in SEA cuisine exceeds that of European or American cuisine. I argue that the popularity of chilli in the region can be explained by a confluence of factors exclusive to SEA countries.Firstly, sift is a staple food in all the SEA countries. SEA countries today are prudent for a larger than proportionate share of the global rice export market, with countries like Thailand and Vietnam being famous for rice planting. In the past, m whatsoever people in SEA countries survived through subsistence farming and rice was a staple food beca ingestion it was cheap and filling. Even when rice was not eaten, people substituted it with rice-based products like rice noodles. By making rice a staple part of the SEA diet, people could reduce their consumption of expensive meats and vegetables and therefore, lower the cost of their meals. With the introduction of chilli in the region, people began adding it into their meats and vegetables t o give it extra sharpness. The extra spiciness of the meats and vegetables meant that the amount of meat and vegetables for meals could be further reduced since people ended up eating more rice to reduce the burn of the capsaicin from the chillies. By adding a relatively cheap ingredient like chilli to their dishes, SEA people could therefore reduce their consumption of more expensive foodstuffs, thus explaining the prevalence of chilli in the cost-conscious SEA region.Secondly, chillies were adapted into a region which was already trying different methods to deal with food spoilage. In countries with landlocked areas and muddy rivers, it was not always easy to obtain the freshest of ingredients for the preparation of food. Vegetables grown in certain areas took on a weird taste and often contributed to what many people would consider unpalatable dishes in a meal. In a time with no refrigeration, it was not always possible to occupy food before it started going bad in the hot and humid weather, which meant that rotting food was always a possibility during meals. To reduce food spoilage, unrest of food (like shrimp paste) and sun drying ingredients (ie fish) had become a popular aspect of SEA cooking during this time. However, the resulting dried ingredients were more pungent and had a stronger taste than before and when added back into cooked food, could make it taste less palatable. With the introduction of chilli peppers into food cooked with dried ingredients, Southeast Asian cooks were able toThirdly, recent studies have shown that chilli-based cuisine is popular because it promotes the release of endorphins. The capsaicin in chilli peppers have been found to promote endorphin release in the human brain in order to deal with the burn of spicy food, thus making a torturously spicy meal paradoxically pleasurable. In Britain, researchers were looking into the popularity of curry in the United Kingdom and they concluded that the reason curry had grown so po pular was because the spice in the curry caused peoples hearts to beat faster after consumption, mimicking the after-effects of sex. Assuming that these findings of Western researchers can be applied to Southeast Asians, we can thus see that there is a scientific reason to explain the popularity of chilli-based cuisine in the region.Finally and most importantly, the popularity of chilli can be attributed to a self-perpetuating cycle of cultural transmission through immigration in a geographically connected area. Southeast Asian is a region of diverse cultures and religions and this regional trait expresses itself most clearly in the varied dietary restrictions among the different SEA countries. The Muslims abstain from pork, while the Hindus do not consume beef and the more religious Buddhists avoid meat altogether. However, chilli peppers are a plant-based cooking ingredient and do not violate any culinary restrictions of various SEA ethnic and religious populations. Being a geogra phically connected area that has long been involved in trade, SEA was capable to the cultural transmission of chilli-based cuisines through local and foreign traders who eventually settled down in these lands as immigrants. As chillies became more widely used in local cuisines due to its culinary adaptability, more chillies were grown within the region itself and this resulted in a self-perpetuating cycle that cemented its place in Southeast Asian kitchens.A combination of these factors explains the prevalence of chilli in the Southeast Asian region and it also accounts for why Filipino and Northern Vietnamese cuisines incorporate less chilli in their food compared to their neighbours. For the Philippines,The Role of Chilli in Shaping SEA IdentityDue to their popularity in Southeast Asian cuisines, chilli peppers have transcended culinary traditions and come to occupy an exalted role in shaping Southeast Asian identity today. Spicy food is now part of the identity of the region whi le the ability to tolerate and even relish chillies is now seen as an informal rite of passage among SEA communities today.Spicy food is now closely associated with the identity of the region in a globalised world. Southeast Asian cuisine seen in the eyes of non- Southeast Asian people is determined by the spiciness of the food and the excessive use of chillies in cooking. With the increasing influx of SE immigrants to Western countries, Westerners are exposed to Southeast Asian cuisine and because Southeast Asians use more spices and chillies as opposed to salt and pepper, Westerners have come to view chillies as a defining aspect of Southeast Asian cuisine. If you visit any hawker centre in Singapore today, an order of almost any dish will invariably be accompanied with chilli condiments ranging from chicken rice chilli to sambal goreng to the freshly cut chilli peppers soaked in soya sauce. Due to cultural perceptions of Southeast Asian food, more hawkers are inclined to include a chilli condiment with the kind of food they serve and this in turn exposes more people to chilli-based food that they come to see as normal or even synonymous with Southeast Asian cuisine.In many Southeast Asian communities, the ability to tolerate chilli-based food or even relish the taste of chilli peppers is the ultimate, albeit informal, rite of passage to adulthood.The irony of associating chillies with regional and personal SEA identity is that not all Southeast Asians embrace chilli as part of their diet. As mentioned earlier, Southeast Asians are supertasters and theoretically more sensitive to capsaicin.The absence of chilli in certain SEA based cuisines (Northern Vietnam Philippines)

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- essays research papers

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie     From the beginning, the figure of the narrator shows that Williams play will non follow the conventions of realistic theater. The narrator breaks the conceptual "fourth wall" of naturalistic drama by addressing the audience directly. turkey cock also tells us that he is going away to give the audience truth disguised as illusion, making the audience conscious of the illusory quality of theater. By playing with the theme of memory and its distortions, Williams is muster out to use music, monologues, and projected see to its to haunting effect. Tom, as narrator, tells the audience that the gentleman caller is a real personmore real, in many ways, than any another(prenominal) characterbut he also tells the audience that the gentleman is a symbol for the "expected something that we live for," the thing for which we are always waiting and hoping. This identification of a character as both real entity and symbo l is characteristic of Williams work both of these aspects of the gentleman caller are strategic to the overall collision of the Play. The allusion to Guernica and the turmoil in Spain, juxtaposed to the uneasy counterinsurgency in America, establishes a tense atmosphere as the plays background.      There is symmetry between the uneasy peace of the time period and the uneasy peace in the Wingfield house. Just as America stirs restlessly with the uneasy peace before the Second World War, Tom seethes with the need to escape his home and set out into the worldas his father did before him. The fire escape, a visually prominent part of the set, is an important symbol for the imprisonment that Tom feels and the possibility of a way out. In his stage directions, Williams characteristically imbues the fire escape with symbolic weight, saying that the buildings are electrocution with the "implacable fires of human desperation." Tom addresses the audience from the fire escape, and his positioning there, standing alone between the outside world and the space of the apartment, points to the painful choice he makes later in the play. In order to escape, he must escape alone and leave his mother and sister stub.      This is the first scene where the audience sees Laura taking care of her glass menagerie. The glass menagerie is the most important symbol for Laura and her fragility. H... ... is also, in many ways, the surrogate for Williams sisterwhose name was Rose. Williams uses the rose as a motif for Laura to emphasize her delicateness and her beauty, as well as her worth. The fantastic blue color of the flower shows, however, that Laura is not a being of this world     Toms closing terminology is a great moment. The descending fourth wall puts a powerful but permeable barrier between Tom and his family. They are behind him, behind him in time and in the physical space of the stage, and they are inaudible. Yet he cannot seem to shake the memory of them, and they are clearly visible to the audience. Although he has never explicitly spoken of one of the plays most important themesthe conflict between responsibility and the need to live his own lifeit is clear that he has not been able to fully shake the guilt from the decision that he made. The cost of escape has been the burden of memory. For Tom and the audience, it is difficult to forget the final image of frail Laura, illuminated by candlelight on a darkened stage, while the world outside of the apartment faces the beginnings of a great storm.